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Paswan et al., 2010. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 22 (11): 207

Document reference 
Paswan, V. K. ; Sahoo, A., 2010. Rumen metabolites and enzymatic profiles in crossbred cattle bulls fed on high and low levels of tanniniferous oak (Quercus incana) leaves. Livest. Res. Rural Dev., 22 (11): 207
Abstract 

The rumen studies were conducted in two male fistulated crossbred cattle fed on three different feeding systems prevalent in high hill Himalayan regions of Uttarakhand involving control (OL0) animals (rumen fistulated crossbred cattle bull, 312 kg BW) fed on grass hay (GH), OL40 on GH+oak leaves (OL) at 60:40 artio and OL60 on GH+OL at 40:60 ratio in a complete switch over design each lasted for 6 weeks. Strained rumen liquor was assayed immediately for pH and then fractioned for ciliate protozoa count, rumen biochemical attributes and enzyme profile. Increasing the levels of OL enhanced (P<0.001) total DM intake (kg/d) in OL40 (7.35) and OL60 (7.71) compared to control (6.67). Supplemental OL also enhanced intake of other nutrients, notably CP intake was 42.6 and 64.5% higher (P<0.001) in OL40 and OL60 compared to OL0. The contribution of CT from OL was @ 1.25 and 1.80% of DMI in OL40 and OL60. The ciliate protozoa population (*10 4) ranged from 8.87 (OL40) to 9.39 (OL60) and the difference between the groups was non-significant. The holotrichs and entodiniomorphs population was also non-significantly different between the groups, but the later predominated (>10 times) in all the feeding systems. Rumen pH was comparable in the three dietary groups (6.92-7.06). The N fractions (total N, ammonia N, non-protein N) except trichloroacetic acid precipitable N increased linearly (P<0.05) with the increased levels of OL feeding. The volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile showed decreased (P<0.01) acetate and butyrate concentration with increased levels of OL feeding resulting in non-significantly narrower (P=0.155) acetate: propionate ratio. There was a significant decline (P=0.020) in total VFA concentration in OL60 (54.20 mM/L) compared to other dietary groups (OL0, 77.11 and OL40, 72.66 mM/L). Carboxymethyl cellulase and xylanase activities showed an increasing trend (P<0.01) with increased in OL, but protease activity remained unaffected. The study revealed an increased feed and nutrient intake and positive shift in rumen fermentation pattern with increased level of OL, which needs to be validated based on production performance prior to recommending an optimized level in the feeding system at high hill Himalayan region.

Web 
http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/11/pasw22207.htm
Citation key 
Paswan et al., 2010
Datasheets 
Banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora)