Feedipedia

Animal feed resources information system

Feedipedia

Feedipedia

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Glossary

A | B | C | D | E | G | H | I | L | M | N | O | P | R | S | T | V | W | Z

Name	Definition
a (DM)	Immediately degradable dry matter fraction (%) in the model of ruminal degradation y = a+b (1-e^-ct) (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
a (N)	Immediately degradable nitrogen (N) fraction (%) in the model of ruminal degradation y = a+b (1-e^-ct) (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
ADF	Acid Detergent Fiber, fraction of the cell walls according to Van Soest, considered to be roughly equivalent to true cellulose and lignin.
Alanine	Amino acid. Often abbreviated ALA.
AME poultry	Apparent metabolizable energy, poultry. Difference between the gross energy in the feed and the gross energy in the droppings and gasses, not corrected for nitrogen retention.
AMEn broiler	Apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected, for broilers.
AMEn broiler, ground	Apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected, for broilers fed ground feed.
AMEn broiler, pelleted	Apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected, for broilers fed pelleted feed.
AMEn cockerel	Apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected, for cockerels.
AMEn cockerel, ground	Apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected, for cockerels fed ground feed.
AMEn cockerel, pelleted	Apparent metabolizable energy, nitrogen-corrected, for cockerels fed pelleted feed.
AMEn poultry	Apparent metabolizable energy, N-corrected, poultry. Difference between the gross energy in the feed and the gross energy in the faeces, urines and gasses, corrected for a nitrogen balance of 0.
Arginine	Amino acid. Often abbreviated as ARG.
Ash	Ash remaining after incineration, a rough approximation of mineral matter.
Aspartic acid	Amino acid. Often abbreviated ASP.
b (DM)	Potentially degradable dry matter fraction (%) in the model of ruminal degradation y = a+b (1-e^-ct) (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
b (N)	Potentially degradable nitrogen fraction (%) in the model of ruminal degradation y = a+b (1-e^-ct) (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
Bloat	Bloat occurs when the fermentation gases produced in the rumen can not be evacuated and cause an overdistention of the rumen. There are two forms of bloat. The frothy bloat (called primary bloat) is due to a persistent foam mixed with the ruminal contents. The free-gas bloat (called secondary bloat) is due to free gas separated from the ingesta that cannot go out of the rumen because of mechanical obstruction. Bloat mainly occurs in cattle but may also be seen in sheep. There are individual (genetically determined) susceptibilities to bloat (Kahn, 2005).
c (DM)	Hourly degradation rate of particles (h^-1) for dry matter in the model of ruminal degradation y = a+b (1-e^-ct) (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
c (N)	Hourly degradation rate of particles (h^-1) for nitrogen in the model of ruminal degradation y = a+b (1-e^-ct) (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
Calcium	A major mineral (symbol Ca) essential for living organisms, in particular in cell physiology and for the mineralization of bone, teeth and shells.
Copper	Chemical element (symbol Cu), usually a trace element in biological materials.
Coumarin	Coumarin, a fragrant organic chemical compound in the benzopyrone chemical class that interacts with blood coagulation.
CP	Abbreviation for Crude protein.
Crude fibre	A measurement of fibre content. Also known as Weende cellulose, crude fibre is the insoluble residue of an acid hydrolysis followed by an alkaline one. This residue contains true cellulose and insoluble lignin. It is also used to assess hair, hoof or feather residues in animal by-products. Even though the more accurate Van Soest analysis has superseded it since the 1970s, the analysis of crude fibre remains common in feed laboratories.
Crude protein	A measurement of protein content. In animal feeds, crude protein is calculated as mineral nitrogen x 6.25 (the assumption is that proteins of typical animal feeds contain 16% nitrogen in average). The mineral nitrogen value is obtained by the Kjeldahl method, or by a method giving similar results after correction, such as the Dumas method.
Cystine	A sulphur amino acid, particularly important for the constitution of hair and feathers.
DE growing pig	Digestible energy for the growing pig. Difference between the gross energy in the feed and the gross energy in the faeces.
DE rabbit	Digestible energy for rabbits. Difference between the gross energy in the feed and the gross energy in the faeces.
DE ruminants	Digestible energy for ruminants. Difference between the gross energy in the feed and the gross energy in the faeces.
DE salmonids	Digestible energy for salmonids (salmons and trouts). Difference between the gross energy in the feed and the gross energy in the faeces.
DM	Abbreviation for dry matter.
DM degradability (effective, k=4%)	Effective degradability of dry matter in ruminants, calculated with a hourly disappearance rate of 6%. The effective degradability is calculated as D = a + ((b*c)/(k+c)) where a = fraction immediately degradable, b = fraction potentially degradable, c = degradation rate of particles and k = hourly disappearance rate of particles (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
DM degradability (effective, k=6%)	Effective degradability of dry matter in ruminants, calculated with a hourly disappearance rate of 6%. The effective degradability is calculated as D = a + ((b*c)/(k+c)) where a = fraction immediately degradable, b = fraction potentially degradable, c = degradation rate of particles and k = hourly disappearance rate of particles (Ørskov and MacDonald, 1979).
DM digestibility, pepsin	Dry matter digestibility estimated by an in vitro method using pepsin, such as the one developed by Tilley and Terry (1963), which involves rumen liquor and pepsin.
DM digestibility, pepsin-cellulase	Dry matter digestibility estimated by an in vitro method combining pepsin and a cellulase enzyme.
DM digestibility, ruminants	Dry matter digestibility for ruminants, calculated as percentage of digestible (total tract) dry matter in the dry matter of the feed.
Dry matter	Dry matter is calculated as the difference between the total weight and the moisture content. It is usually obtained by oven-drying, but there are methods specific to products such as silages, fats and molasses. Usually abbreviated as DM.
Energy digestibility, growing pig	Energy digestibility for growing pigs, calculated as percentage of digestible (total tract) energy relative to the gross energy of the feed.
Energy digestibility, rabbit	Energy digestibility for rabbits, calculated as percentage of digestible (total tract) energy relative to the gross energy of the feed.
Energy digestibility, ruminants	Energy digestibility for ruminants, calculated as percentage of digestible (total tract) energy relative to the gross energy of the feed.
Energy digestibility, salmonids	Energy digestibility for salmonids (salmons and trouts), calculated as percentage of digestible (total tract) energy relative to the gross energy of the feed.
Ether extract	Crude fat, extracted by diethyl ether or petroleum ether, usually without prior hydrolysis.
Ether extract, HCl hydrolysis	Crude fat, extracted by diethyl ether or petroleum ether or hexane, with a prior HCl hydrolysis.
Glutamic acid	Amino acid. Usually abbreviated as GLU.
Glycine	Amino acid. Usually abbreviated as GLY.
Gross energy	Gross energy (or heat of combustion) is measured as the energy released as heat when a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen in a bomb calorimeter. It can be predicted relatively accurately from the chemical composition. Often abbreviated as GE.
Histidine	Amino acid. Usually abbreviated as HIS.
Iron	Chemical element (symbol Fe), usually a trace element in biological materials.Iron (when a trace element).
Isoleucine	Amino acid. Usually abbreviated as ILE.

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